In the 1500s they had ships called Spanish Galleons that . . Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. 4 What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? How do you think it might have influenced Europeans reading about the New World for the first time? Wine and dried fruits from Algarve were sold in Flanders and England, salt from Setbal and Aveiro was a profitable export to northern Europe, and leather and kermes, a scarlet dye, were also exported. Which type of automated bidding strategy is Target CPA? The Portuguese replaced Arab control of the trade in ivory, gold and slaves with their own. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. The Jesuits attempted to covert the natives to Christianity, but most of the other colonists were more interested in pushing west to find gold and silver. Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. Everywhere they traveled, they brought European diseases, which claimed thousands of native lives as well as the lives of the explorers. Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia. The Spanish brought horses, guns, and other weaponry with them which frightened the Aztecs. She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. De Gama's successful venture created a greater demand than ever before for overseas trades along the African coast. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. Among those who read Vespuccis reports was the German mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. 3 What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? He participated in successful expeditions in Panama before following rumors of Inca wealth to the south. The Spanish also brought the disease smallpox. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. The explorers also gained new foods like corn and pineapple. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . What was the impact of Vasco de Gamas exploration? What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Starting in 1485, he approached Genoese, Venetian, Portuguese, English, and Spanish monarchs, asking for ships and funding to explore this westward route. Essay Sample. Believing he had landed in the East Indies, Columbus called the native Tanos he found there Indios, giving rise to the term Indian for any native people of the New World. The carrack first appeared, historians believe, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Who ruled the government of ancient Sumer? The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. Malintzin remains a controversial figure in the history of the Atlantic World; some people view her as a traitor because she helped Corts conquer the Aztecs, while others see her as a victim of European expansion. How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? However, these stories are based on the self-aggrandizing efforts of conquistadors to secure royal favor through the writing of probanzas de mritos (proofs of merit). Want to create or adapt books like this? Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. The Spaniards were not far behind the Portuguese in their exploration and empire building. Spanish relationships with the natives tended to vary depending on the person. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?san juan airport restaurants hours Credit Solution Experts Incorporated offers quality business credit building services, which includes an easy step-by-step system designed for helping clients build their business credit effortlessly. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. Pizarro began his work by capturing the Incan king and holding him for ransom, the astronomical amount of which flooded the Spanish coiffures and made empire-building more lucrative than it had ever been. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus. What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest, Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange, Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions, The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire, An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution, Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War, The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty, The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts, Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity, Britains Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences, Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic, The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution, Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, On the Move: The Transportation Revolution, A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson, The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War, Free Soil or Slave? The Portuguese took the lead. Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. 5 What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Spain and Portugal were neighboring kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula and fierce competitors exploring the African coastline. Gallery. succeed. These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. Hernn Corts hoped to gain hereditary privilege for his family, tribute payments and labor from natives, and an annual pension for his service to the crown. It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. . Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. The Spanish followed suit, beginning with Christopher Columbus, before moving beyond mere trade and focusing on empire building. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. Their son, Martn, may have been the first mestizo (person of mixed indigenous American and European descent). They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage. Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. They also looked west, settling in Brazil. The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. They also found a sea route to India. The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel. The Spanish conquistadors also had horses, which people in the Americas had never seen before. Far from being unified and content under Aztec rule, many peoples in Mexico resented it and were ready to rebel. Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitln. The Portuguese built an empire from 1420 onwards that was largely composed of trade centres dotted around the coasts of three continents. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. They established posts in Guinea and Angola and a few island plantations to support their business ventures. The local Amerindian population were enslaved by the Spanish, and forced to work. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. Indeed, the Renaissance world was looking outward. The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. This was especially true under the ecomienda system, whereby the Spanish built plantations for mining and farming and managed by Amerindian labor. It is after the Reconquista, that the Europeans start to expand and explore the new world for new trade routes to the riches, i.e. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. Portugals Prince Henry the Navigator spearheaded his countrys exploration of Africa and the Atlantic in the 1400s. What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? When we read them now, we need to take the descriptions with a grain of salt. The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. In addition to navigation, what purpose would such a map have served? Most trades for Western Europe required overland travel, which only grew more difficult with Ottoman conquests in the East. Spurred by Christopher Columbuss glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. 2 Why was exploration so important to Spain? The process where the Spanish and Portuguese Christians reclaim the Iberian Peninsula is called the Reconquista. However, after three years of entreaties, and, more important, the completion of the Reconquista, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance Columbuss expedition in 1492, supplying him with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. Vasco Nez de Balboa marched through Panama to the Pacific ocean; Hernando Corts conquered Mexico; Francisco Pizarro subdued Peru; and Francisco Vsquez de Coronado moved north. The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. They wanted to spread catholic culture in whole world. Q. This exchange benefitted Europeans more than Native Americans because Europeans spread smallpox , a deadly disease, to Native Americans when they came into contact with them. By this and other means, native people helped shape the conquest of the Americas. Below are excerpts from Columbuss 1493 letter to Luis de Santngel, which illustrates how fantastic reports from European explorers gave rise to many myths surrounding the Spanish conquest and the New World. The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. 247 lessons Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. Spices, fabrics, and other luxuries flowed into Portugal and out to other European countries, and the Portuguese treasury swelled. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. Probanzas de mritos featured glowing descriptions of lands of plenty. The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! Bartolome de Las Casas speaks with the Amerindians, then with the Spanish leaders. He received help from the neighboring cities terrorized by the Aztec empire, who periodically collected people from them to offer sacrifices to their gods in many elaborate rituals, outstripping nearby empires in their zeal. When the Immortal had Thrash's set, the Dimensional lords had no choice, but to give up a huge part of Alphen to the Immortal's army. Although the Spanish had superior weapons, the strength of the Aztecs made the campaign long and grueling. AP European History: The Age of Expansion, The Market Economy in 17th Century Europe, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Age of Discovery and the Conquistadors, AP European History: Overview of the Renaissance, AP European History: Renaissance Philosophy, Art & Literature, AP European History: Reformation Roots & Teachings, AP European History: The Reformation's Effects Across Europe, The Old World and New World: Why Europeans Sailed to the Americas, Portuguese and Spanish Empires: Growth in the New World & Asia, The Columbian Exchange, Global Trade & Mercantilism, Triangular Trade: Route, System & Role in Slavery, The Commercial Revolution: Economic Impact of Exploration and Colonization on Europe, Spreading Religion in the Age of Exploration, AP European History: The Rise of Monarchical Nation States, AP European History: English History (1450-1700), AP European History: The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, AP European History: The French Revolution, AP European History: The Napoleonic Empire, AP European History: 19th Century Revolutionary Movements, AP European History: The First Industrial Revolution, AP European History: Unifications of Nation States in the 19th Century, AP European History: Russia After World War I, AP European History: Integration: Europe after the Soviet Union, Developing and Writing Your AP Exam Essay, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, AP European History: Homework Help Resource, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, High School US History: Homework Help Resource, High School US History: Tutoring Solution, Roman God Pluto of the Underworld: Facts & Overview, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite's Mystical Theology, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Recognize the exploration of the Portuguese and Spanish Empires, Identify the African and Brazilian expansion by Portugal, Describe the Spanish conquerors and conquest of South and Central America. What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? A desire for Asian spices and other Asian goods: European maritime expansion began with the goal of establishing new trade routes to African and Asian markets to buy ivory, pepper, cotton, and The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. The Spanish quickly set out to explore, conquer, and colonize, which was bad news for the Amerindians who got in their way as they launched their empire. The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernn Corts, and Francisco Pizarro. The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. Cortes took land from the Aztecs in what is today Mexico. The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Their goals were to expand Catholicism and to gain a commercial advantage over Portugal. Settlements sprang up at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, and in New Mexico in 1609. Portrait of Ferdinand Magellan. Portuguese exploration along the African coast was marked by trading rather than colonization with the empire-building posts to protect their ships carrying spices and gold back to Portugal and allying with African kings when possible. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. In 1488, Bartholomeu Dias managed to make his way around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. Its hills and mountains, fine plains and open country, are rich and fertile for planting and for pasturage, and for building towns and villages. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. Today they highlight the difficult task of historical work; while the letters are primary sources, historians need to understand the context and the culture in which the conquistadors, as the Spanish adventurers came to be called, wrote them and distinguish their bias and subjective nature. Map of Columbus' first journey to the Americas. (1521) Pizarro took land from the Incas in what is today Peru. Bartholomew Dias found the Cape of Good Hope, while his successor Vasco de Gama made it to India, where he realized Portuguese dreams of having a direct spice trade link and allowed the Portuguese to dominate the trade. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. To those ends, Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored extensive Atlantic exploration. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? The seaports there are incredibly fine, as also the magnificent rivers, most of which bear gold. Ten years later, Francisco Pizarro traveled to Peru where he subsequently conquered the Incan Empire situated in the Andes Mountains. The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. These lands comprised most of the Americas. Overview. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages.